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in Western Europe, thus making Finland possibly more vulnerable to global economic trends.
In 2017, the Finnish economy was estimated to consist of approximately 2.7% agriculture, 28.2% manufacturing, and 69.1% services.[176] In 2019, the per-capita income of Finland was estimated to be $48,869. In 2020, Finland was ranked 20th on the ease of doing business index, among 190 jurisdictions.
Finnish politicians have often emulated the Nordic model.[177] Nordics have been free-trading for over a century. The level of protection in commodity trade has been low, except for agricultural products.[177] Finland is ranked 16th in the 2008 global Index of Economic Freedom and ninth in Europe.[178] According to the OECD, only four EU-15 countries have less regulated product markets and only one has less regulated financial markets.[177] The 2007 IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook ranked Finland 17th most competitive.[179] The World Economic Forum 2008 index ranked Finland the sixth most competitive.[180]
The legal system is clear and business bureaucracy less than most countries.[178] Property rights are well protected and contractual agreements are strictly honoured.[178] Finland is rated the least corrupt country in the world in the Corruption Perceptions Index[181] and 13th in the Ease of doing business index.[182]
In Finland, collective labour agreements are universally valid. These are drafted every few years for each profession and seniority level, with only a few jobs outside the system. The agreement becomes universally enforceable provided that more than 50% of the employees support it, in practice by being a member of a relevant trade union. The unionization rate is high (70%), especially in the middle class (AKAVA, mostly for university-educated professionals: 80%).[177]
In 2017, tourism in Finland grossed approximately €15.0 billion. Of this, €4.6 billion (30%) came from foreign tourism.[184] In 2017, there were 15.2 million overnight stays of domestic tourists and 6.7 million overnight stays of foreign tourists.[185] Tourism contributes roughly 2.7% to Finland's GDP.[186]
Lapland has the highest tourism consumption of any Finnish region.[186] Above the Arctic Circle, in midwinter, there is a polar night, a period when the sun does not rise for days or weeks, or even months, and correspondingly, midnight sun in the summer, with no sunset even at midnight (for up to 73 consecutive days, at the northernmost point). Lapland is so far north that the aurora borealis, fluorescence in the high atmosphere due to solar wind, is seen regularly in the fall, winter, and spring. Finnish Lapland is also locally regarded as the home of Santa Claus, with several theme parks, such as Santa Claus Village and Santa Park in Rovaniemi.[187] Other significant tourist destinations in Lapland also include ski resorts (such as Levi, Ruka and Ylläs)[188] and sleigh rides led by either reindeer or huskies.[189][190]