Response to your question:
Systems run without an OS layer if NEUROS crashes, NEUROS’ actual function is mostly visualization and organization of my mind, so a crash isn’t fatal (obviously), but it usually means that something is going very wrong and I need to fix it or reset (via sleep/distraction)
NEUROS mainly manages internal operations too, and it’s pretty well sandboxes from external operations, so
External stimulus can easily go to NEUROS, but NEUROS needs to make very deliberate requests in order to do anything externally (most of the time)
Even when NEUROS is damaged or offline external operations can work mostly fine
I have so much brain lore I could talk about, probably too much lmao